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推進“一帶一路”建設工作領導小組辦公室22日發表《共建“一帶一路”倡議：進展、貢獻與展望》報告。全文如下：

共建“一帶一路”倡議：進展、貢獻與展望

推進“一帶一路”建設工作領導小組辦公室

2019年

前言

Preface

2013年9月和10月，中國國家主席習近平在出訪哈薩克斯坦和印度尼西亞時先后提出共建“絲綢之路經濟帶”和“21世紀海上絲綢之路”的重大倡議。中國政府成立了推進“一帶一路”建設工作領導小組，并在中國國家發展改革委設立領導小組辦公室。

When visiting Kazakhstan and Indonesia in September and October of 2013，Chinese President Xi Jinping raised the initiative of jointly building the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (hereinafter referred to as the Belt and Road，or B&R). The Chinese government then set up the Leading Group for Promoting the Belt and Road Initiative with an administrative office under the National Development and Reform Commission.

In March 2015，the Chinese government published the “Vision and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road”. In May 2017，the first Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation was convened in Beijing. China also hosted the Boao Forum for Asia annual conferences，the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Qingdao Summit，the 2018 Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC)，and the China International Import Expo.

5年多來，共建“一帶一路”倡議得到了越來越多國家和國際組織的積極響應，受到國際社會廣泛關注，影響力日益擴大。Over the past five years，the Belt and Road Initiative has won positive responses from numerous countries and international organizations and has attracted worldwide attention. Its influence is growing.

The Belt and Road Initiative originated in China，but it belongs to the world. It is rooted in history，but oriented toward the future. It focuses on Asia，Europe and Africa，but is open to all partners. It spans different countries and regions，different stages of development，different historical traditions，different cultures and religions，and different customs and lifestyles. It is an initiative for peaceful development and economic cooperation，rather than a geopolitical or military alliance. It is a process of open，inclusive and common development，not an exclusionary bloc or a “China club”. It neither differentiates between countries by ideology nor plays the zero-sum game. Countries are welcome to join in the initiative if they so will. The Belt and Road Initiative upholds the principles of extensive consultation，joint contribution，and shared benefits. It follows a Silk Road spirit featuring peace and cooperation，openness and inclusiveness，mutual learning and mutual benefit. It focuses on policy coordination，connectivity of infrastructure，unimpeded trade，financial integration，and closer people-to-people ties. It has turned ideas into actions and vision into reality，and the initiative itself into a public product widely welcomed by the international community.

2018年8月，習近平主席在北京主持召開推進“一帶一路”建設工作5周年座談會，提出“一帶一路”建設要從謀篇布局的“大寫意”轉入精耕細作的“工筆畫”，向高質量發展轉變，造福沿線國家人民，推動構建人類命運共同體。

When presiding over a symposium in August 2018 that marked the fifth anniversary of the Belt and Road Initiative，President Xi said that in advancing the initiative，we should transition from making high-level plans to intensive and meticulous implementation，so as to realize high-quality development，bring benefits to local people，and build a global community of shared future.

一、進展

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I. Progress

2013年以來，共建“一帶一路”倡議以政策溝通、設施聯通、貿易暢通、資金融通和民心相通為主要內容扎實推進，取得明顯成效，一批具有標志性的早期成果開始顯現，參與各國得到了實實在在的好處，對共建“一帶一路”的認同感和參與度不斷增強。Since 2013，the Belt and Road Initiative，with policy coordination，connectivity of infrastructure，unimpeded trade，financial integration and closer people-to-people ties as its main goals，has advanced in solid steps. Significant progress has been made，including a number of landmark early results. Participating countries have obtained tangible benefits，and their appreciation of and participation in the initiative is growing.

（一）政策溝通

1. Policy coordination

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Policy coordination is an important guarantee for this initiative，and an essential precondition for joint actions. Over the past five years or so，China has engaged in thorough communication and coordination with participating countries and international organizations，and reached a broad consensus on international cooperation for building the Belt and Road.

1．共建“一帶一路”倡議載入國際組織重要文件。共建“一帶一路”倡議及其核心理念已寫入聯合國、二十國集團、亞太經合組織以及其他區域組織等有關文件中。

1) The Belt and Road Initiative has been incorporated into important documents of international organizations. The initiative and its core concepts have been written into documents from the United Nations，G20，APEC and other international and regional organizations.

2) More and more countries and international organizations have signed intergovernmental cooperation agreements on the Belt and Road Initiative. In the B&R framework，all participating countries and international organizations，based on the principle of seeking common ground while reserving differences，have exchanged views on economic development plans and policies and discussed and agreed economic cooperation plans and measures. By the end of March 2019，the Chinese government had signed 173 cooperation agreements with 125 countries and 29 international organizations. The Belt and Road has expanded from Asia and Europe to include more new participants in Africa，Latin America and the South Pacific.

就是在此處簽上你的名字簽中文除非你的英文名字取得了公正

3) Coordination and cooperation in specific fields of the Belt and Road Initiative have progressed steadily. The Digital Silk Road has become an important part of the Belt and Road Initiative. China has launched the “Belt and Road Digital Economy International Cooperation Initiative” with Egypt，Laos，Saudi Arabia，Serbia，Thailand，Turkey，and the United Arab Emirates. It has signed cooperation agreements with 16 countries to strengthen the construction of the Digital Silk Road.

China issued the “Action Plan on Belt and Road Standard Connectivity (2018-2020)”. It has signed 85 standardization cooperation agreements with 49 countries and regions. The long-term mechanism for tax cooperation between B&R countries is maturing. China co-organized the Belt and Road Initiative Tax Cooperation Conference (BRITCC) in May 2018，which published the “Astana Proposal by BRITCC Participating Jurisdictions for Enhancing Cooperation in Tax Matters”，signaling that the cooperation network has expanded to 111 countries and regions.

（二）設施聯通

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2. Infrastructure connectivity

Infrastructure connectivity is high on the B&R agenda. While committed to respecting the sovereignty and security concerns of all relevant countries，B&R countries have made concerted efforts to build an all-round，multi-level，and composite infrastructure framework centered on railways，roads，shipping，aviation，pipelines，and integrated space information networks. This framework is taking shape rapidly. It has greatly reduced the transaction costs of products，capital，information，and technologies flowing between regions，and effectively promoted the orderly flow and optimal allocation of resources among different regions. Thus it will help achieve mutually beneficial cooperation and common development.

– New Eurasian Land Bridge.Over the past five years or so，regional cooperation through the New Eurasian Land Bridge has widened，enhancing partnerships featuring openness，inclusiveness，and mutual benefits to a higher level and driving forward economic and trade exchanges between Asia and Europe. The “Budapest Guidelines for Cooperation Between China and Central and Eastern European Countries” and the “Sofia Guidelines for Cooperation Between China and Central and Eastern European Countries” have been published，showing that steady progress is being made in pragmatic cooperation in the frameworks of the China-EU Connectivity Platform and the Investment Plan for Europe. Construction has started on the Belgrade- Stara Pazova section of the Hungary-Serbia Railway in Serbia. The Western China-Western European International Expressway connecting western China，Kazakhstan，Russia and Western Europe is basically complete.

– China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor. China，Mongolia，and Russia have made positive efforts to build a cross-border infrastructure connectivity network consisting mainly of railways，roads and border ports. In 2018，the three countries signed the “Memorandum of Understanding on Establishing a Joint Mechanism for Advancing the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor”，making further progress in improving the working mechanism of the tripartite cooperation. China’s side of the Tongjiang- Nizhneleninskoye railway bridge was completed in October 2018. Construction of the Heihe-Blagoveshchensk road bridge is progressing smoothly. A Sino-Russian enterprise consortium has completed preliminary design of the Moscow-Kazan High-Speed Railway. The “Intergovernmental Agreement on International Road Transport Along the Asian Highway Network” signed and approved by the three countries has entered into force. The China-Mongolia- Russia cross-border terrestrial cable system has been completed.

– China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor. Over the past five years or so，cooperation has advanced in energy，infrastructure connectivity，economy and trade，and industrial capacity in this corridor’s framework. China has signed bilateral agreements on international road transport with Kazakhstan，Uzbekistan，Turkey，and other countries，as well as China-Pakistan-Kazakhstan-Kyrgyzstan，China- Kazakhstan-Russia，China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan，and some other multilateral agreements on international road transport，constantly improving infrastructure construction in Central Asia and West Asia. The China-Saudi Arabia Investment Cooperation Forum has promoted industrial complementarity between the Belt and Road Initiative and Saudi Vision 2030，and has concluded cooperation agreements worth more than US$28 billion. China and Iran have drawn on their strengths in various fields and are strengthening their combined forces in the fields of roads，infrastructure and energy.

– China-Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor. Over the past five years or so，progress has been made in infrastructure connectivity and construction of cross-border economic cooperation zones through this corridor. The Kunming-Bangkok Expressway has been completed，while the China-Laos and China-Thailand railways and some other projects are well underway. Cooperation has started in building the China-Laos Economic Corridor. More intensive efforts have been made to dovetail Thailand’s Eastern Economic Corridor and the Belt and Road Initiative. Economic cooperation between China and Cambodia，Laos，Myanmar，Viet Nam and Thailand is advancing steadily. Positive roles for the China-ASEAN (10+1) cooperation mechanism，Lancang- Mekong cooperation mechanism，and Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Economic Cooperation are becoming clearer.

– China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. A cooperation plan focusing on energy，transportation infrastructure，industrial park cooperation，and Gwadar Port has been implemented in the framework of this corridor. China and Pakistan have established the Joint Cooperation Committee of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor，which meets regularly. Smooth progress has been made in a number of projects. Key projects，such as the road to the Gwadar Port，Peshawar-Karachi Motorway (Sukkur-Multan section)，Karakoram Highway Phase II (Havelian-Thakot section)，Lahore Orange Line Metro，and 1，320MW Coal-Fired Power Plants at Port Qasim have been launched. Some projects have already brought benefits. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is open to third parties for cooperation，and more countries have joined or expressed a willingness to participate.

– Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor. Over the past five years or so，the four countries have worked together to build this corridor in the framework of joint working groups，and have planned a number of major projects in institutional development，infrastructure connectivity，cooperation in trade and industrial parks，cooperation and opening up in the financial market，cultural exchange，and cooperation in enhancing people’s wellbeing. A Joint Committee of the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor has been established. The two countries have also signed an MoU on building the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor，as well as papers on a feasibility study for the Muse-Mandalay Railway，and the Framework Agreement on the Kyauk Phyu Special Economic Zone Deep-Sea Port Project.

2．基礎設施互聯互通水平大幅提升。“道路通，百業興”。基礎設施投入不足是發展中國家經濟發展的瓶頸，加快設施聯通建設是共建“一帶一路”的關鍵領域和核心內容。

2) Infrastructure connectivity has been remarkably enhanced. “Access to roads will enable all sectors of the economy to prosper.” Insufficient infrastructure investment is a bottleneck for economic development in developing countries. Accelerating infrastructure connectivity is a key area and core goal of the Belt and Road Initiative.

– Railways

Major progress has been made in building inter-regional and intercontinental railway networks focusing on such cooperation projects as the China-Laos Railway，China- Thailand Railway，Hungary-Serbia Railway，and Jakarta- Bandung High-Speed Railway. Preliminary research has advanced on the eastern route of the Pan-Asia Railway Network，the upgrade of Pakistan’s Karachi-Peshawar Railway Line (also referred to as Main Line 1 or ML-1)，and the China-Kyrgyzstan- Uzbekistan Railway. A pre-feasibility study on a China- Nepal cross-border railway has been completed. After preliminary work on China Railway Express cargo trains，an international railway operation mechanism with cooperation among multiple countries has been established. Railway companies of China，Belarus，Germany，Kazakhstan，Mongolia，Poland，and Russia have signed an agreement on deeper cooperation in China-Europe rail service.

– Roads

– Ports

巴基斯坦瓜達爾港開通集裝箱定期班輪航線，起步區配套設施已完工，吸引30多家企業入園。斯里蘭卡漢班托塔港經濟特區已完成園區產業定位、概念規劃等前期工作。希臘比雷埃夫斯港建成重要中轉樞紐，三期港口建設即將完工。阿聯酋哈利法港二期集裝箱碼頭已于2018年12月正式開港。中國與47個沿線國家簽署了38個雙邊和區域海運協定。中國寧波航交所不斷完善“海上絲綢之路航運指數”，發布了16+1貿易指數和寧波港口指數。In Pakistan’s Gwadar Port，routes for regular container liners have been opened and supporting facilities in the starting area of the Gwadar Free Trade Zone completed，attracting more than 30 companies into the area. Preliminary work has been completed for Sri Lanka’s Hambantota Port Special Economic Zone，including defining the zone’s industrial functions and making conceptual plans. An important transit hub has been completed at the Port of Piraeus in Greece，and Phase III construction is to be completed. Khalifa Port Container Terminal Phase II in the United Arab Emirates officially opened in December 2018. China has signed 38 bilateral and regional shipping agreements with 47 B&R countries. China’s Ningbo Shipping Exchange has made constant efforts to improve the Maritime Silk Road Freight Index and released the China-CEEC Trade Index (CCTI) and the Ningbo Port Index.

——航空運輸方面。

– Air transport

中國與126個國家和地區簽署了雙邊政府間航空運輸協定。與盧森堡、俄羅斯、亞美尼亞、印度尼西亞、柬埔寨、孟加拉國、以色列、蒙古、馬來西亞、埃及等國家擴大了航權安排。5年多來，中國與沿線國家新增國際航線1239條，占新開通國際航線總量的69.1%。China has signed bilateral intergovernmental air transport agreements with 126 countries and regions. It has expanded arrangements for air traffic rights with Luxembourg，Russia，Armenia，Indonesia，Cambodia，Bangladesh，Israel，Mongolia，Malaysia，and Egypt. Over the past five years or so，1，239 new international routes have opened between China and other B&R countries，accounting for 69.1 percent of the total of China’s new international routes over that period.

——能源設施建設方面。

– Energy facilities

——通訊設施建設方面。

– Communication facilities

（三）貿易暢通

3. Unimpeded trade

美利堅合眾國國務秘書在此要求所有的人可以關注允許帶此本護照的美國公民不拖延或妨礙讓他通過，如有需要，盡量予以援助和保護。（第二段是一樣的，西班牙文）簽名后生效詹姆士石括 (名字，音譯）1926年九月29日（生。

貿易暢通是共建“一帶一路”的重要內容。共建“一帶一路”促進了沿線國家和地區貿易投資自由化便利化，降低了交易成本和營商成本，釋放了發展潛力，進一步提升了各國參與經濟全球化的廣度和深度。

Unimpeded trade is an important goal of the Belt and Road Initiative. The efforts invested in the initiative have liberalized and facilitated trade and investment in the participating countries and regions，lowered the costs of trade and business，and released growth potential，enabling the participants to engage in broader and deeper economic globalization.

1) Greater liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment. China has issued the “Initiative on Promoting Unimpeded Trade Cooperation Along the Belt and Road”，to which 83 countries and international organizations have subscribed. Cooperation in border inspection and quarantine has deepened. Since the first Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation in May 2017，China has signed more than 100 cooperation agreements with other B&R countries，granting access to some 50 types of agricultural products and food after inspection and quarantine. Express customs clearance services for agricultural products between China and Kazakhstan，Kyrgyzstan，and Tajikistan have reduced the clearance time by 90 percent.

2．貿易規模持續擴大。2013－2018年，中國與沿線國家貨物貿易進出口總額超過6萬億美元，年均增長率高于同期中國對外貿易增速，占中國貨物貿易總額的比重達到27.4%。其中，2018年，中國與沿線國家貨物貿易進出口總額達到1.3萬億美元，同比增長16.4%。中國與沿線國家服務貿易由小到大、穩步發展。2017年，中國與沿線國家服務貿易進出口額達977.6億美元，同比增長18.4%，占中國服務貿易總額的14.1%，比2016年提高1.6個百分點。世界銀行研究組分析了共建“一帶一路”倡議對71個潛在參與國的貿易影響，發現共建“一帶一路”倡議將使參與國之間的貿易往來增加4.1%。

2) Expanding trade. From 2013 to 2018 the value of trade between China and other B&R countries surpassed US$6 trillion，accounting for 27.4 percent of China’s total trade in goods and growing faster than the country’s overall foreign trade. In 2018 the value of trade in goods between China and other B&R countries reached US$1.3 trillion，growing by 16.4 percent year on year. Trade in services between China and other B&R countries has seen steady progress，growing by 18.4 percent from 2016 to reach US$97.76 billion in 2017. The figure accounted for 14.1 percent of China’s total trade in services，1.6 percentage points higher than in 2016. According to a World Bank study that analyzes the impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on trade in 71 potentially participating countries，the initiative increases trade flows among participating countries by up to 4.1 percent.

3) Faster pace of trade model innovation. New trade models such as cross-border e-commerce are becoming an important driver of trade. In 2018 the total value of retail goods imported and exported through the cross-border e-commerce platform of China Customs reached US$20.3 billion，growing by 50 percent year on year. Exports were US$8.48 billion，growing by 67 percent year on year，and imports were US$11.87 billion，growing by 39.8 percent year on year. As Silk Road e-commerce prospers，China has established cooperation mechanisms for bilateral e-commerce with 17 countries，created agreements on e-commerce cooperation under the BRICS and other multilateral frameworks，and made solid progress in finding overseas partners for Chinese businesses and developing Chinese brands.

（四）資金融通

4. Financial integration

資金融通是共建“一帶一路”的重要支撐。國際多邊金融機構以及各類商業銀行不斷探索創新投融資模式，積極拓寬多樣化融資渠道，為共建“一帶一路”提供穩定、透明、高質量的資金支持。

Financial integration is an important pillar of the Belt and Road Initiative. Exploring investment and financing models，international multilateral financial institutions and commercial banks have played an innovative role in expanding the channels of diversified financing，providing stable，transparent and quality financial support for the Belt and Road Initiative.

1) Exploring new models of international investment and financing. Boasting huge cooperation potential in infrastructure construction and industrial capacity，the Belt and Road Initiative is in urgent need of finance. The sovereign wealth funds and investment funds of the participating countries are playing a bigger part. In recent years the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority of the UAE，China Investment Corporation and other sovereign wealth funds have markedly increased investment in major emerging economies participating in the initiative. The China-EU Joint Investment Fund，which began operation in July 2018 with an injected capital of EUR500 million from the Silk Road Fund and the European Investment Fund，has helped the Belt and Road Initiative to dovetail with the Investment Plan for Europe.

2) Growing support from multilateral financial cooperation. China’s Ministry of Finance and its counterparts in 27 countries including Argentina，Russia，Indonesia，the UK，and Singapore have endorsed the “Guiding Principles on Financing the Development of the Belt and Road”. According to the Principles，the countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative support channeling of financial resources to serve the real economy of countries and regions involved，with priority given to such areas as infrastructure connectivity，trade and investment，and industrial cooperation，among others. The People’s Bank of China has rolled out joint financing programs with the International Finance Corporation under the World Bank Group，Inter-American Development Bank，African Development Bank，European Bank for Reconstruction and Development，and other multilateral development institutions. By the end of 2018 these institutions had invested in more than 100 programs in over 70 countries and regions. Established in November 2017，the China-CEEC Bank Consortium includes 14 financial institutions from China，Hungary，the Czech Republic，Slovakia，Croatia，and nine other Central and Eastern European countries. In July 2018 the China-Arab States Bank Consortium was founded，followed by the China-Africa Financial Cooperation Consortium established in September; each was the first multilateral financial cooperation mechanism between China and the respective area.

3) Closer cooperation between financial institutions. In building the Belt and Road，policy-backed export credit insurance，which has wide coverage，plays a special role in supporting infrastructure and basic industries. The strengths of commercial banks lie in taking deposits from wider sources，corporate financing，financial products，trade agency，and trust services. By the end of 2018 the China Export & Credit Insurance Corporation had endorsed US$600 billion on export to and investment in the participating countries. Chinese-financed banks，such as the Bank of China，Industrial and Commercial Bank of China，Agricultural Bank of China，and China Construction Bank，have formed extensive agent banking relations with the participating countries. Commerzbank became the first German bank to join the banking mechanism of the Belt and Road Initiative when it signed an MoU on cooperation with the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China.

4) Improved financial market system. The initiative’s participating countries have made continued efforts to consolidate and improve financial cooperation for long- term benefits and win-win outcomes. With a steady supply of innovative financial products，channels for financing the Belt and Road Initiative have expanded substantially. China has continued to open up its interbank bond market. By the end of 2018 about RMB200 billion of Panda bonds had been issued. The Export-Import Bank of China issued a RMB2 billion green bond for global investors，and the BRICS New Development Bank issued a RMB3 billion green bond to support the green development of the Belt and Road Initiative. Stock equity，business and technical cooperation between securities and futures exchanges has advanced. The Shanghai Stock Exchange，Deutsche B?rse Group，and China Financial Futures Exchange jointly founded the China Europe International Exchange in 2015，and the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Astana International Financial Center Authority of Kazakhstan have signed an agreement to co-invest in building the Astana International Exchange.

5) Deeper financial connectivity. Eleven Chinese-funded banks have set up 76 first-grade institutions in 28 B&R countries，and 50 banks from 22 B&R countries have opened 7 corporate banks，19 branches，and 34 representative offices in China. Two Chinese-funded securities firms have established joint ventures in Singapore and Laos. China has made bilateral currency swap arrangements with more than 20 B&R countries and Renminbi clearing arrangements with 7 B&R countries，and signed cooperation agreements with the financial supervision authorities of 35 B&R countries. The Reminbi’s functions as a currency for international payment，investment，trade，and reserve have been strengthened. The Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) now covers some 40 countries and regions involved in the Belt and Road Initiative. The China-IMF Capacity Development Center and the Research Center for the Belt and Road Financial and Economic Development have been founded.

（五）民心相通

5.Closer people-to-people ties

民心相通是共建“一帶一路”的人文基礎。享受和平、安寧、富足，過上更加美好生活，是各國人民的共同夢想。5年多來，各國開展了形式多樣、領域廣泛的公共外交和文化交流，增進了相互理解和認同，為共建“一帶一路”奠定了堅實的民意基礎。

People-to-people ties are the cultural foundation for building the Belt and Road. It is the common dream of all peoples to enjoy a peaceful and prosperous life. Over the past five years or so，the B&R countries have carried out diplomatic activities and cultural exchanges of various forms in wide fields，enhancing mutual understanding and recognition and laying a solid cultural foundation for furthering the initiative.

1) Diverse forms of cultural exchange. China and other B&R countries have hosted events such as arts festivals，film festivals，music festivals，cultural relics exhibitions，and book fairs，and have jointly launched new publishing，radio，film and television programs，as well as translating and introducing each other’s media programs. The Silk Road International League of Theaters，Silk Road International Museum Alliance，Network of Silk Road Arts Festivals，Silk Road International Library Alliance，and Silk Road International Alliance of Art Museums and Galleries have been established. China，CEE countries，ASEAN countries，Russia，Nepal，Greece，Egypt，and South Africa have hosted activities to celebrate the cultures of B&R countries in different years，and developed about a dozen cultural exchange brands such as the “Silk Road Tour” and “Chinese/African Cultures in Focus”. Major cultural festivals and expos have been launched such as the Silk Road (Dunhuang) International Cultural Expo，Silk Road International Arts Festival，and Maritime Silk Road International Arts Festival，and 17 Chinese culture centers have been set up in B&R countries.

2．教育培訓成果豐富。中國設立“絲綢之路”中國政府獎學金項目，與24個沿線國家簽署高等教育學歷學位互認協議。2017年沿線國家3.87萬人接受中國政府獎學金來華留學，占獎學金生總數的66.0%。香港、澳門特別行政區分別設立共建“一帶一路”相關獎學金。在54個沿線國家設有孔子學院153個、孔子課堂149個。中國科學院在沿線國家設立碩士、博士生獎學金和科技培訓班，已培訓5000人次。

2) Fruitful results in education and training. The Chinese Government Scholarship – Silk Road Program has been set up，and China has signed agreements with 24 B&R countries on the mutual recognition of higher education degrees. In 2017，38，700 students from other B&R countries studied in China on scholarships provided by the Chinese government，accounting for 66 percent of all students receiving such scholarships. Other B&R scholarships are provided in the Hong Kong and Macao SARs. China has opened 153 Confucius Institutes and 149 Confucius Classrooms in 54 B&R countries. The Chinese Academy of Sciences offers scholarships in Master’s and Doctorate programs to other B&R countries，and runs science and technology training courses which have trained some 5，000 students from other B&R countries.

3) Expanding cooperation in tourism. China has held joint year of tourism with many other B&R countries，initiating cooperation mechanisms such as the Silk Road Tourism Promotion Union，Maritime Silk Road Tourism Promotion Alliance，and Tea Road International Tourism Alliance. China has signed mutual visa exemption agreements for different types of passport with 57 B&R countries，and concluded 19 agreements or arrangements to streamline visa application procedures with 15 countries. In 2018 outbound Chinese tourists numbered 150 million，and inbound foreign tourists numbered 30.54 million. Russia，Myanmar，Viet Nam，Mongolia，Malaysia，the Philippines，and Singapore were the main sources of tourists for China.

4) Deeper cooperation in health and medicine. Since the first Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation，China has signed 56 agreements on cooperation in the health sector with countries such as Mongolia and Afghanistan，international organizations such as the World Health Organization，and NGOs such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. In August 2017 the Belt and Road High-Level Meeting for Health Cooperation: Towards a Health Silk Road was held in Beijing，which issued the “Beijing Communiqué of the Belt and Road Health Cooperation”. China has carried out cooperation on the prevention and control of AIDS，malaria，dengue，flu，and tuberculosis with Lancang- Mekong countries; on the prevention and control of echinococcosis，plague and other zoonoses with Central Asian countries; and on the prevention and control of polio with Western Asian countries. China has dispatched ophthalmology teams to Cambodia，Myanmar，Laos，and Sri Lanka to carry out the “Brightness Action” program，and short- term medical teams to island countries such as Fiji，Tonga，Micronesia，and Vanuatu in the Pacific. It has established traditional Chinese medicine centers in 35 B&R countries，and 43 international TCM cooperation bases.

5) Ongoing effort in disaster relief，assistance，and poverty alleviation. Since the first Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation，China has provided RMB2 billion in emergency food assistance to developing countries participating in the initiative，injected an additional US$1 billion to the South-South Cooperation Assistance Fund，and implemented 100 Happy Home Projects，100 Anti-Poverty Projects，and 100 Health Recovery Projects. China has partic- ipated in 8 joint programs for the protection of cultural relics with 6 countries，and 15 joint archeological activities with 12 countries. China has provided Laos and other countries with seismic monitoring equipment to improve their early warning and disaster alleviation capacity. China has initiated 24 cooperation programs with civil society organizations in Cambodia and Nepal，in an effort to improve the lives of local people.

（六）產業合作

6. Industrial cooperation

The Belt and Road Initiative draws investment from diverse sources，encourages third-party market cooperation，and aims to build industry，supply，service，and value chains that benefit all and are shared by all，so as to provide new growth drivers for faster development in the participating countries.

1) Stable growth in China’s direct investment in B&R countries. From 2013 to 2018 China’s direct investment in B&R countries surpassed US$90 billion，realizing a turnover of US$400 billion in foreign contracted projects in these countries. In 2018 Chinese businesses made a total of US$15.6 billion in non-financial direct investment in B&R countries，growing by 8.9 percent year on year and accounting for 13 percent of China’s total non-financial FDI during the same period. The turnover of foreign contracted projects in B&R countries reached US$89.3 billion，or 53 percent of the total turnover of foreign contracted projects in the same period. Ac- cording to a World Bank study，the transportation network proposed by the Belt and Road Initiative can lead to a 4.97-percent increase in total FDI flows to B&R countries，a 4.36-percent increase in FDI flows within B&R countries，a 4.63-percent increase in FDI flows from OECD countries，and a 5.75-percent increase in FDI flows from non-B&R countries.

2) Steady progress in international cooperation on industrial development and third-party markets. As faster growth in B&R countries has generated huge market demands on international industrial cooperation，China has taken active measures to boost market-oriented industrial cooperation with relevant countries in all areas，so as to upgrade the industrial structure and raise the level of industries in these countries. Currently China has signed agreements on industrial cooperation with more than 40 countries including Kazakhstan，Egypt，Ethiopia，and Brazil. It has dovetailed industrial cooperation programs with regional organizations such as the ASEAN，African Union，and CELAC. China has signed third-party market cooperation agreements with France，Italy，Spain，Japan，and Portugal.

“護照”英語翻譯是 passport ， protection；護照”讀音如下 (1)passport 讀音是：英 ['pɑ?sp??t],美 ['p?sp?rt](2)protection 讀音是：英 [pr?'tek?(?)n]。

3) Vigorous development in cooperation parks and zones. Applying market principles and complying with laws，Chinese businesses of all types have joined in the development of cooperation parks and zones in other B&R countries，sharing China’s best practices and the experience it has gained in development zones and industrial parks during reform and opening up. In addition to promoting the local economy，these have also created new sources of tax revenue and jobs in the countries involved. China has established the China-Kazakhstan Khorgos International Border Cooperation Center，and the China-Laos Mohan-Boten Cross-Border Economic Cooperation Zone; more cross-border economic cooperation zones with other countries are being planned or built.

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Notes

the Silk Road Economic Belt

絲綢之路經濟帶

the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road

21世紀海上絲綢之路

meticulous [m?'t?kj?l?s]

adj. 一絲不茍的；小心翼翼的；拘泥小節的

policy coordination

政策溝通

infrastructure connectivity

signedpassport